Maryland Colony History and Timeline

The Province of Maryland—also known as the Maryland Colony—was founded in 1632 as a safe haven for English Catholics fleeing anti-Catholic persecution in Europe. The colony was established by Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (also known as Lord Baltimore), who also governed the Colony of Newfoundland and the Province of Avalon. The Maryland Colonys first settlement was St. Marys City, which was built along the Chesapeake Bay. It was the first settlement in the New World to guarantee religious freedom for all Trinitarian Christians. Fast Facts: Maryland Colony The Maryland Colony was founded in 1632 after its charter was approved by King Charles I. It was a proprietary colony of Cecil Calvert, the second Lord Baltimore.Like other settlements in the New World, the Maryland Colony was established as a religious refuge. Although it was created as a haven for English Catholics, many of the original settlers were Protestants.In 1649, Maryland passed the Maryland Toleration Act, the first law in the New World designed to encourage religious tolerance. Who Founded Maryland? The idea for an English colony along the Chesapeake Bay where Catholics could live and worship in peace came from  George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore. In 1632, he received a charter from King Charles I to found a colony east of the Potomac River. That same year, Lord Baltimore died, and the charter was given to his son, Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore. The first settlers of the Maryland Colony included a mix of about 200 Catholics and Protestants who had been promised land grants; they arrived on the ships the Ark and the Dove. A stamp depicting the Ark and the Dove. traveler1116 / Getty Images Why Was Maryland Founded? Following the Protestant Reformation, Europe experienced a series of religious wars in the 16th and 17th centuries. In England, Catholics faced widespread discrimination; for example, they were not allowed to hold public office, and in 1666 they were blamed for the Great Fire of London. The first Lord Baltimore, a proud Catholic, envisioned the Maryland Colony as a place where English people would have religious freedom. He also wished to found the colony for economic gain. Sir Anthony Van Dycks painting of King Charles I and Queen Henrietta Maria. Heritage Images  / Getty Images The new colony was named Maryland in honor of Henrietta Maria, the queen consort of Charles I. George Calvert had previously been involved in a settlement in Newfoundland but, finding the land inhospitable, hoped this new colony would be a financial success. Charles I, for his part, was to be given a share of the income that the new colony created. The first governor of the colony was Cecil Calverts brother, Leonard. Interestingly, although the Maryland Colony was ostensibly founded as a refuge for Catholics, only 17 of the original settlers were Catholic. The rest were Protestant indentured servants. The settlers arrived at St. Clements Island on March 25, 1634, and founded St. Marys City. They became heavily involved in the cultivation of tobacco, which was their primary cash crop along with wheat and corn. Over the next 15 years, the number of Protestant settlers steadily increased, and there was fear that religious liberty would be taken away from the Catholic population. The Act of Toleration was passed in 1649 by  Governor William Stone to protect those who believed in Jesus Christ. However, this act was repealed in 1654 when outright conflict occurred and the Puritans took control of the colony. Lord Baltimore actually lost his proprietary rights and it was some time before his family was able to regain control of Maryland. Anti-Catholic actions occurred in the colony all the way up until the 18th century. However, with an influx of Catholics into Baltimore, laws were once again created to help protect against religious persecution. Timeline June 20, 1632: King Charles I grants a charter for the Maryland Colony.March 25, 1634: The first group of settlers, led by Leonard Calvert, reach St. Clements Island in the Potomac River. They established St. Marys City, the first Maryland settlement.1642: The people of the Maryland Colony go to war against the Susquehannock  Indians; fighting will continue until the two groups sign a peace treaty in 1652.1649: Maryland passes the Maryland Toleration Act, which guarantees religious freedom to all Trinitarian Christians within the colony. A historical marker for the Mason–Dixon Line. PhilAugustavo  / Getty Images 1767: A border dispute between Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware results in the drawing of the Mason–Dixon line, which marks Marylands northern and eastern borders.1776: Maryland joins the rest of the 13 American colonies in a revolution against England.September 3, 1783: The American Revolution officially comes to a close with the signing of the Treaty of Paris.April 28, 1788: Maryland becomes the seventh state to be admitted to the United States.

The Great Pyramid Of Giza Essay - 1147 Words

The â€Å"Great Pyramid of Giza† is situated in the Giza Necropolis which borders the largest city in Egypt – Giza. It is also identified by two other names; the Pyramid of â€Å"Cheops† or â€Å"Khufu†. The Great Pyramid stands as the largest and oldest among the Giza Necropolis pyramids. Furthermore, it is listed among the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, holding the record of being the oldest in that list. The magnificence of the pyramid’s structure is an attraction that has grabbed the attention of several researchers across the world and yet its mysteries are not yet fully unraveled. However, with the introduction of modern technology, much research has been done to try and understand more about the pyramid. This analysis therefore focuses upon the design and construction of the Great Pyramid of Giza and its relevance to the people of ancient Egypt at the time of its construction. Egyptologists are of the belief that the pyramid was constructed as a tomb, with its construction period lasting approximately 20 years. They also approximate that the construction of the Great Pyramid ended around the year 2560 BC. This evidence is based upon a mark in one of the interior chambers which gives reference to Khufu, an Egyptian Pharaoh believed to be of the fourth dynasty (Vyse 187). As far as the design is concerned, there are those that believe that Khufu’s Hemon (vizier) was the Great Pyramid’s architect (Shaw 89). Figure 1 The original height of the pyramid is believed to have beenShow MoreRelatedThe Great Pyramid Of Giza930 Words   |  4 PagesGiza, an area located southwest of what is now known as Cairo, is home to one of the most astonishing and mysterious feats of architecture ever assembled, The Great Pyramid. Located approximately 5 miles west of the Nile River near the city of Cairo, Egypt, The Great Pyramid is part of a larger complex called the Giza Necropolis, which also houses the Great Sphinx, and two smaller pyramids. It is said to have been built by the enslaved citizens of Khufu, second ruler of the 4th dynasty, and son ofRead MoreThe Great Pyramid Of Giza1382 Words   |  6 Pagespaper will examine the Great Pyramid of Giza during the Fourth Dynasty, the period in which it was built. My purpose for this topic is to not only educate myself further in the humanities of Ancient Egypt but to also get a better understanding of how the art relates to the people and their lives, I will do s o by examining how and when The Great Pyramid of Giza and the surrounding pyramids were built, then how the culture of the people at the time influenced the making of the pyramid, and finally I willRead MoreThe Great Pyramid Of Giza859 Words   |  4 Pages The Great Pyramid of Giza, is one of the oldest and sole surviving wonders of the Ancient World, has attracted the interest of many people such as tourists, philosophers, and travelers for hundreds of years. The pyramids interest has centered on the question of whether the ancient Egyptian people created and or possessed certain mathematical concepts and rules in the pyramids for the proportions and measurements. The Great Pyramid’s elevation encodes three of the most important constants in createdRead MoreThe Great Pyramid Of Giza1611 Words   |  7 PagesThe Great Pyramid of Giza, the largest of the pyramids, was built in 2589 BC for King Khufu, it took 23 years to complete and remains standing today over 2,000 years later. The Great Pyramid of Giza provides a comprehensive understanding, as archaeological evidence, of the old kingdom and the political role of the Pharaoh and religion revealing insight to the mathematical intelligence of the ancient Egyptians. Through the intellect, religion and politics embedded within the structure, much informationRead MoreThe Great Pyramid Of Giza Essay1704 Words   |  7 PagesThe Great Pyramid of Giza is one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. It is located at El Giza, Egypt. This pyramid was built for the pharaoh Khufu in around 2560 B.C. and was intended to last an eternity. Also, this pyramid was the tallest structure in the world for nearly 3800 years with a height of more than 481 feet. This pyramid is a great tribute to engineering and decades-long labor by tens of thousands of workers. It was estimated that the pyramids were built by 100,000 workersRead MoreThe Great Pyramids Of Giza1026 Words   |  5 Pages The Great Pyramids of Giza By: Brittany Wright ART 101 December 3, 2015 Egypt: This research is on the Ancient Egyptian Culture. Ancient Egypt was located in Northeastern Africa along the Nile River. Egypt was divided into Upper and Lower Egypt from 5000 to 2950 BC; the unification of Egypt was around 3000 BC. Ancient Egypt was around until about 50 BC. The Egyptians are known for many accomplishments; they include: their complex irrigation system, hieroglyphics, and the practiceRead MoreThe Great Pyramid Of Giza1138 Words   |  5 Pagesbuilt. The Pyramids! We find these mysterious, immense, and fascinating structures throughout the world. We gaze at them in wonder and ask ourselves: who built them? How were they built? what were they used for? and, when were they built? The Great Pyramid of Giza is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza pyramid complex bordering what is now El Giza, Egypt. It is the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and the only one to remain largely intact. The pyramids purpose hasRead MoreThe Great Pyramid Of Giza1869 Words   |  8 PagesKrystek (2010), the Great Pyramid of Giza is â€Å"the only one of the famous Seven Wonders of the Ancient World that still stands.† The Great Pyramid of Giza, which was built around 2550BC for the pharaoh Khufu, is archaeological evidence of the political, economic and religious power of the pharaoh and the importance of religion in the Old Kingdom of Ancient Egypt. The ability of the pharaoh Khufu to organise and control the large workforce necessary to build the Great Pyramid is an indication ofRead MoreThe Great Pyramids Of Giza1274 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Great Pyramids of Giza from twenty five seventy five to twenty four fifty BCE. These pyramids were crafted to represent the rulers Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure. They were originally covered in limestone and topped with gold to reflect the sun’s rays, creating a majestic sight in the name of the pharaohs. Outside of Khafre’s mortuary temple lies the Great Sphinx of Giz a. At sixty five feet in height, it is still one of the largest single stone sculptures in the world. While the Great SphinxRead MoreThe Great Pyramid of Giza Essay679 Words   |  3 PagesThe Great Pyramid of Giza Who built the Great Pyramid? The Great Pyramid was built by the Egyptian pharaoh Khufu. Khufuwas born in 2589 BC - 2566 BC. His real name was Khnum-khuf meaning the god Khnum is his protection. Khufuwas the son of another great pyramid builder, King Sneferu. Khufus mothers name was Hetepheres. Khufuwas the second king in the 4th dynasty. The Greeks referred Khufu as Cheops When and Where was the Great Pyramid built? The Great

Dream Theater by Dream Theater free essay sample

Ever since Dream Theaters Mike Portnoy left in December of 2010, i cant exactly say the band has been their best. This is evident in A Dramatic Turn Of Events and their most recent album. Their self titled album is better but still is back to the original style of Dream Theater that many of us know and love. Mike Mangini, their new drummer, might be part of the case. Mangini has a different style to Portnoy, which is to keep up with the guitar and bass tracks instead of having them keep up with him. It isnt bad, but this is where Dream Theater is starting to slip up with their song writing. Much like the previous album, this has nine tracks and was released just last year in 2013. The Metal Voice, gave this album their #1 spot on their best of 2013 list which is fine but I dont agree with them in the slightest. We will write a custom essay sample on Dream Theater by Dream Theater or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Lets find a way to disect this album step by step. 1, False Awakening Suite, this 3-minute track is about as perfect as perfect as your get as a starting track for this album. It is split into three different parts and no vocals. One of my favorites off of the album. 2, The Enemy Inside, this is about someone who suffers trauma after a hard days of battling in a war. The guy portrayed is insecure and cant seem to get things together with his family. OK, thats what the music video says but even with that it is a great song and a fair weather single that might get some of you into Dream Theater. 3, The Looking Glass, now theyve done it! They decided to take a brief Opeth move and go Prog Rock, but i said briefly. This isnt really very good of a song unless you like bands like Rush or Jethro Tull. The music video sucks too. 4, The Enigma Machine, yet another one with a music video. This song makes absolutely no sense whatsoever, and the music video doesnt do much to help either. It is more like a watered down version of The Dance Of Eternity from Metropolis Part 2, but unlike The Looking Glass, it is pretty decent. Not much in terms of innovation or change though. 5, The Bigger Picture, the saddest song Ive heard in my life. This 7 minute roller coster is very enjoyable to listen to, and rightfully so. There can be many interpretations for this one song but all lead to some emotional topic. :'(, is the face you would use to describe this song. I have nothing more to say here. 6, Behind The Veil, almost in the same light as the last one, this is a little bit more heavier and a little harder to get. Nonetheless, I do like this song alot, and is my favorite off of the album right now. Give it a listen, you may like it. 7 Surrender To Reason, this song is OK at best. I cant exactly say it isnt bad though. It could have been much, much better, but you cant have everything so I cant do anything about it. This is one of the weaker Dream Theater songs I know ths far. 8 Along For The Ride, Garbage, enough said. 9, Illumination Theory, if youve seen my top 25 Dream Theater songs you would know this is really high on the list. It is a great epic and is worth the listen, that is if you can stand to sit down for 22 minutes and listen to it fully. It does have multiple parts much like False Awakening Suite with my favorites been the first two. It combines all elimants Dream Theater tried so far and puts it into one song. A great way to end off an album, even one that is kind of sucky in places. This has been the Grim Reaper, and My next reveiw will be Imagine Dragonss Night Visions. Score: 6.9999/10

Oreo Cookies Essay Example

Oreo Cookies Paper Oreo Cookie Products Nabisco is a company that has been in existents since 1898. During their 109 years in existence, they have grown through natural growth, mergers, and acquisitions. This has allowed Nabisco to be the leading snack maker in the world. Being the leading snack maker has allowed Nabisco to introduce a diverse selection of foods. However in recent years Nabisco has been reluctant to adapt to current market trends. The company was focusing on producing new versions of existing products to make them more convenient. However Nabisco was ignoring that other companies were creating similar products that were cheaper and also healthier products. Recently, Nabisco realized this trend and began creating healthier foods such as 100-calorie snack packs, low carb foods, and low fat foods. With these new products, Nabisco has been able to serve people that have chosen to adapt to a healthy eating life style. The new Fat Free OREO that Nabisco will be introducing next year will solidify Nabisco as a company that is willing to support those that have adopted that healthy eating life style. Nabisco is expecting the new Fat Free OREO to become one of the leading fat free snacks on the market. Nabisco hopes to expand to other fat free products like OREO piecrust, OREO ice cream cones, and snack size packages of Fat Free OREO for vending machines or individual purchases in 2009. Situation Analysis In 1898, The National Biscuit Company was formed in the US through the merger of several regional baking companies. In 1952, the now familiar red Nabisco triangle first appeared on the upper left corner of National Biscuit Company products. National Biscuit Company changed its name to Nabisco in 1971. We will write a custom essay sample on Oreo Cookies specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Oreo Cookies specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Oreo Cookies specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In 1981, Nabisco, Inc. merged with Standard Brands (founded in 1929) to become Nabisco Brands. To expand their global presence and to strengthen their position in the fast-growing consumer snacks sector, Philip Morris Co. Inc. acquired Nabisco Holdings in December 2000. Philip Morris purchased Nabisco for $14. 9 billion in cash plus assumed $4 million in debt (Grant 243). Nabisco is the world’s largest manufacturer and marketer of cookies and crackers, based on retail sales. Eventually, Philip Morris integrated the Nabisco brands with its Kraft Food operations (Cookies 4). In March 2001, Philip Morris created a new holding company for the combined operations known as Kraft Foods Inc. (lacking the comma of the previous Kraft Foods, Inc). The previous Kraft Foods was renamed Kraft Foods North America (Grant 243). The people of Kraft have recognized that the business has an important role in society- a responsibility that included understanding and meeting the public’s expectations, helping to address important social, environmental and economic issues and making a difference in local communities and the world. They firmly believe that â€Å"Our success will depend importantly on our willingness and ability to listen, get feedback on what we’re doing from those both inside and outside Kraft and act responsibly on issues of important concern. † Beginning in the early 1990’s cookie sales began to slowly decline because consumer’s buying habits were shifting towards lower calorie. When more brands began making low fat products, then sales began to slowly increase again. By the early 2000s the low fat trend was out and the low carb trend was in. Therefore, cookie sales fell by 1. 9 percent. The low carb craze has diminished in the eyes of Americans. There are numerous diets that are setting the trend for the low fat craze. Among them are the South Beach Diet, Jenny Craig, and Weight Watchers. However, these diets do not ban but actually encourage the consumption of â€Å"good† fats. In order to gain back old consumers and attract new consumers, companies have had to develop a wide variety of products containing a low or no amount of fat. Numerous companies are creating low fat/no fat versions of their products and other companies are specializing primarily in low fat/no fat foods. When Nabisco introduced their fat free cookies to the market in 1995, US sales zoomed peaking at about $490 million. The turnout of the product’s sales will give other companies an insight on whether they should create a fat free cookie product. Objectives Nabisco has been very successful with its OREO products. Now is the time to become more competitive in other areas by becoming more attractive to potential customers. Nabisco now plans to focus on better-for-you-products with less marketing to children. Since the weight loss trend is targeting more awareness of fat intake, instead of low fat products, we are choosing to shift some of our weight towards the fat free market. The Fat Free OREO will help broaden our marketability in the cookie industry. Strengths Among Kraft Foods’ many strengths is its standing as the largest branded food and beverage company in North America and the second largest worldwide. Kraft Foods are found in more than 99 percent of all households (Company Overview 1). Nabisco is one of the seven Kraft brands that bring in more than $1 billion in revenues each year ($3. billion) (Grant 235). Nabisco is ranked as the top cookie maker, with $1,432,539,000 in sales for the year of 2006 (see appendix A). Nabisco has consistently been the leader in the industry, selling nine of the top twenty cookies worldwide, including OREO, the world’s largest selling cookie brand (for cookie sales, see Appendix B). One of Kraft’s most important strengths is the power of their brands. They work to grow these brands by: †¢Focusing on fast growing sectors such as snacks, beverages, and convenient meals. †¢Addressing consumer needs for health and wellness. Expanding their presence in faster growing distribution channels. †¢Targeting fast growing demographics and economic segments. Focusing on fast growing sectors is the strength we will base our new product on. Kraft Foods will be introducing a new fat free OREO cookie. As we closely observed the shift in society’s eating habits, we realized that we needed to come up with a new product to accommodate those who do not purchase our products; those who are not currently purchasing our products. This may include consumers who abide by some kind of strict diet plan. Since the new recent health diet trend is low or no fat diets, we used the facts and statistics in the development of our new product, the Fat Free OREO. Our new product will contain 0 grams of fat per serving and 0 grams of sugar, because we are substituting sugar for the sweetener, Splenda Weaknesses While Nabisco is the top cookie maker, our sales have slowly declined the past few decades. An important reason for the declines in Nabisco’s cookie and cracker business is that during the 1980’s, Nabisco aggressively increased its price causing consumers to buy less (Cookies 2). Nabisco still holds the largest part of the business; however, private labels have begun to heavily cut into Nabisco’s market share. Our product will be made with more expensive ingredients as all healthy foods are, therefore, we will not be lowering the cost of our product which will be a weakness. The price of our new product will be a few cents higher than the price of the regular OREOs. While the original OREOs are priced around $3. 00 per package, the Fat Free OREO will be sold for $3. 15 per package. Another reason for the decline in sales is that we do not make products that serve the health conscious society. Nabisco has introduced several reduced fat products, but consumers more recently have become interested in low or no fat intake. Nabisco’s OREO cookies have a total of 7 grams of fat and 14 grams of sugar per serving (three cookies), while one of our competitors are marketing new cookies that have 4. 5 grams of fat and 5 grams of sugar per serving. We hope that developing this new product will raise our sales and reach the target audience we are aiming our marketing efforts towards. Also, since our competitor’s cookies only contain 4. 5 grams of fat, it will be essential to have less fat but still have a great taste. Financial Information It will cost Kraft Foods Inc. 10 million dollars to develop the formula for the Fat Free OREO. There is an increase cost of production of around seven cents per package compared to the traditional OREO. The majority of this difference is due to more expensive ingredients. We are estimating to charge an additional 15 cents per package, which will continue our current profit margin. All marketing costs will be taken from Kraft Foods total marketing budget, so that the marketing costs do not directly factor into the cost of production. Break Even Analysis With a cost of $3. 15 per package, Kraft Foods Inc. will continue on the same profit margin as the traditional OREO, which is double the cost of production. The cost of producing a package of Fat Free OREOs is approximately $1. 57 per package. By dividing $1. 57 into $10 million, Kraft Foods Inc. figures it will take approximately 6. 4 million packages to break even. Sales Forecast Kraft Foods Inc. is projecting first year sales to be around 5 million packages with most of those being sold in the second half of the year. The reason that Kraft Foods Inc. is expecting greater sales in the second half of the year is that once the product hits the shelves, it will take time for all the consumers to hear about the new product. They are expecting sales to increase in the second year by 2 million packages for a total of 7 million packages. The reason for the increase in sales is that by 2009, all stores should be carrying the Fat Free OREO and through our aggressive marketing campaign most people would have heard about the Fat Free Oreo and they will desire to buy the product. By the end of the first quarter of 2009, Kraft Foods Inc. forecasts that the Fat Free OREO would have sold enough packages to earn a profit. Work Cited â€Å"Strategies for Growth†. Kraft Foods Inc. http://164. 109. 16. 145/investors/strategies. html â€Å"Responsibility†. Kraft Foods Inc. http://www. kraft. com/responsibility/index. html â€Å"Company Overview†. Kraft Foods Inc. http://164. 109. 16. 145/investors/strategies. html